ePSD2 Sumerian Morphology Explanations Table

Morpheme Correspondences

1. Noun Suffixes

NSF1

GEN

genitive case marker

ŋu	NSF2	POSS1Sg	1st person singular pronominal possessive marker
zu	NSF2	POSS2Sg	2nd person singular pronominal possessive marker
ani	NSF2	POSS3SgAN	3rd person singular animate pronominal possessive marker
bi	NSF2	POSS3Sg INA	3rd person singular inanimate pronominal possessive marker
bi	NSF2	POSS3Col	3rd person collective pronominal possessive marker
me	NSF2	POSS1Pl	1st person plural pronominal possessive marker
zunene	NSF2	POSS2Pl	2nd person pronominal possessive marker
anene	NSF2	POSS3Pl	3rd person pronominal possessive marker

NSF3

GEN

genitive case marker

ene

NSF4

plural marker

NSF5

GEN

genitive case marker

ene

NSF6

plural marker

0	NSF	ABS	absolutive case marker
a	NSF7	LOC	locative case marker
ak	NSF7	GEN	genitive case marker
e	NSF7	ERG	ergative case marker
e	NSF7	LT	locative-terminative case marker
da	NSF7	COM	comitative case marker
gin	NSF7	EQU	equative case marker
ra	NSF7	DAT	dative case marker
eše	NSF7	TER	terminative case marker
ta	NSF7	ABL	ablative-instrumental case marker

men	NSF8	COP1Sg	1st person singular enclitic copula
men	NSF8	COP2Sg	2nd person singular enclitic copula
am	NSF8	COP3Sg	3rd person singular enclitic copula
menden	NSF8	COP1Pl	1st person plural enclitic copula
menzen	NSF8	COP2Pl	2nd person plural enclitic copula
meš	NSF8	COP3Pl	3rd person plural enclitic copula

2. Nominalized Verb Root

See Verb Suffixes : non-finite

3. Verb Prefixes

0	VPR1	MP	indicative	Civil ASJ 22
nu	VPR1	MP	negative indicative	Civil ASJ 22
ha	VPR1	MP	subjunctive-optative	Civil ASJ 22
na	VPR1	MP	negative subjunctive-optative	Civil ASJ 22
na	VPR1	MP	marker of reported speech	Civil ASJ 22
bara	VPR1	MP	negative subjunctive	Civil ASJ 22
ga	VPR1	MP	cohortative	Civil ASJ 22
ša	VPR1	MP	function unknown	Civil ASJ 22
u	VPR1	ANT	prefix of anteriority	Civil ASJ 22

inga

VPR2

CNJ

conjunctive

al	VPR3	CP	stative
i/a	VPR3	CP	unmarked
i/amma	VPR3	CP	reflexive
ba	VPR3	CP	patient focus
mu	VPR3	CP	agent focus

(m)a	VPR4	DAT1Sg	1st person singular dative infix
ra	VPR4	DAT2Sg	2nd person singular dative infix
na	VPR4	DAT3Sg	3rd person singular dative infix
(m)e	VPR4	DAT1Pl	1st person plural dative infix
ne	VPR4	DAT3Pl	3rd person plural dative infix

0	VPR 5	PRO	unmarked
e	VPR5	PRO	2nd person singular pronominal element
n	VPR5	PRO	n
m	VPR5	PRO	m
b	VPR5	PRO	b

VPR6

COM

comitative infix

0	VPR 7	PRO	unmarked
e	VPR7	PRO	2nd person singular pronominal element
n	VPR7	PRO	n
m	VPR7	PRO	m
b	VPR7	PRO	b

ši	VPR8	TER	terminative infix
ta	VPR8	ABL	ablative infix

ni	VPR9	LOC	locative infix
I	VPR9	LT	locative-terminative infix	Karahashi ASJ 22

0	VPR10	PRO	unmarked
e	VPR10	PRO	2nd person singular pronominal element
n	VPR10	PRO	n	Gragg JAOS 92 204-213
m	VPR10	PRO	m	Gragg JAOS 92 204-213
b	VPR10	PRO	b	Gragg JAOS 92 204-213

4. Verb Suffixes: Finite

VSF1

IMAF

imperfective affix

Civil 2002

VSF2

future-obligation

Civil 1994, 1999-2000

en	VSF3	1Sg	1st person singular
en	VSF3	2Sg	2nd person singular
e	VSF3	3Sg	3rd person singular
enden	VSF3	1Pl	1st person plural
enzen	VSF3	2Pl	2nd person plural
eš	VSF3	3Pl	3rd person plural
ene	VSF3	3Pl	3rd person plural

a	VSF4	NOM	nominalizer
am	VSF4	COP	copula

ri	VSF5	POST	added to the subordinate clause(4)
ak	VSF5	GEN	genitive

ŋu	VSF6	POSS1Sg	1st person singular pronominal possessive marker
zu	VSF6	POSS2Sg	2nd person singular pronominal possessive marker
ani	VSF6	POSS3SgAN	3rd person singular animate pronominal possessive marker
bi	VSF6	POSS3Sg INA	3rd person singular inanimate pronominal possessive marker
bi	VSF6	POSS3Col	3rd person collective pronominal possessive marker
me	VSF6	POSS1Pl	1st person plural pronominal possessive marker
zunene	VSF6	POSS2Pl	2nd person pronominal possessive marker
anene	VSF6	POSS3Pl	3rd person pronominal possessive marker

0	VSF7	ABS	absolutive case marker
a	VSF7	LOC	locative case marker
e	VSF7	ERG	ergative case marker
e	VSF7	LT	locative-terminative case marker
da	VSF7	COM	comitative case marker
gin	VSF7	EQU	equative case marker
ra	VSF7	DAT	dative case marker
eše	VSF7	TER	terminative case marker
ta	VSF7	ABL	ablative-instrumental case marker

VSF8

COP

copula

5. Verb Suffixes: Non-Finite

VSF1

IMAF

imperfective affix

de	VSF2	FO	future-obligation	Civil 1994, 1999-2000
de	VSF2	POST	purpose	Civil 1994

a	VSF3	NOM	nominalizer
am	VSF3	COP	copula

ŋu	VSF4	POSS1Sg	1st person singular pronominal possessive marker
zu	VSF4	POSS2Sg	2nd person singular pronominal possessive marker
ani	VSF4	POSS3SgAN	3rd person singular animate pronominal possessive marker
bi	VSF4	POSS3Sg INA	3rd person singular inanimate pronominal possessive marker
bi	VSF4	POSS3Col	3rd person collective pronominal possessive marker
nene	VSF4	POSS3Pl	3rd person pronominal possessive marker

VSF5

POST

temporal clause

Civil 1994

6. Imperative

ISF1

i/a	ISF2	CP	unmarked
amma	ISF2	CP	reflexive
ba	ISF2	CP	patient focus
mu	ISF2	CP	agent focus

(m)a	ISF3	DAT1Sg	1st person singular dative infix
na	ISF3	DAT3Sg	3rd person singular dative infix
(m)e	ISF3	DAT1Pl	1st person plural dative infix
ne	ISF3	DAT3Pl	3rd person plural dative infix

0	ISF4	PRO	unmarked
n	ISF4	PRO	n
m	ISF4	PRO	m
b	ISF4	PRO	b

ISF5

COM

comitative infix

0	ISF6	PRO	unmarked
n	ISF6	PRO	n
m	ISF6	PRO	m
b	ISF6	PRO	b

ši	ISF7	TER	terminative infix
ta	ISF7	ABL	ablative infix

ni	ISF8	LOC	locative infix
I	ISF8	LT	locative-terminative infix	Karahashi ASJ 22

0	ISF9	PRO	unmarked
n	ISF9	PRO	n	Gragg JAOS 92 204-213
m	ISF9	PRO	m	Gragg JAOS 92 204-213
b	ISF9	PRO	b	Gragg JAOS 92 204-213

enzen

ISF10

2Pl

2nd person plural